John Marshall The Great Chief Justice Essay - 611 Words

John Marshall: The Great Chief Justice nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;John Marshall was born in Fauquier County, Virginia on September 4, 1755. He was the first son of Thomas Marshall and Mary Randolph Keith. His role in American history is undoubtedly a very important one. As a boy, Marshall was educated by his father. He learned to read and write, along with some lessons in history and poetry. At the age of fourteen, he was sent away to school, and a year later he returned home to be tutored by a Scottish pastor who lived with the Marshall family. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;As a young college student, John Marshall was particularly impressed by the lectures of professor George Wythe. Wythe was a lawyer, judge, and a signer of the†¦show more content†¦His reasoning for taking the job in France was partly because it was only a temporary mission and also because he wanted to be of service to his country, aiding in peaceful relations with France. When he found out that France expected to be paid, he was outraged and believed they were soliciting bribery. Although the mission to France was a failure, he returned to the US a hero. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Marshall was appointed to the position of secretary of state by John Adams in 1800. He was put in charge of foreign affairs and was often left in charge of the government when Adams was gone. Then, later that year, he was appointed to be chief justice of the US by Adams before Thomas Jefferson took over the presidency. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Thomas Jefferson soon took office and John Marshall was now chief justice. Although the two were distant cousins, they held very different positions and belonged to opposing political parties. Jefferson believed that the constitution should be interpreted strictly to keep the governments power relatively low. In the article, Mr. McGinty sums up Marshalls views of what government should be: quot;Marshall believed in a strong central government, in the Constitution as the key to the laws of the land, and in courts as the supreme custodians of those laws—views that would influence his shaping of the Supreme Court.quot; Marshall believed that the Constitution shouldShow MoreRelatedThe Great Chief Justice : John Marshall And The Rule Of Law848 Words   |  4 Pages The Great Chief Justice: John Marshall and the Rule of Law by Charles F. Hobson examines the judicial career of John Marshall, as well as the legal culture that helped to shape his political beliefs and his major constitutional opinions. The author sources much of his information from the formal opinions that Marshall issued during his judicial career. From these writings, Hobson presents Marshall s views on law and government and provides explanations for what in Marshall s life influencedRead MoreJohn Marshalls Effect on the American Judicial System Essays1656 Words   |  7 PagesJohn Marshalls Effect on the American Judicial System I.Introduction In the early years of the eighteenth Century, the young United States of America were slowly adapting to the union and the way the country was governed. And just like the country, the governmental powers were starting to develop. Since the creation of the Constitution and due to the Connecticut Compromise, there is the Executive, the Legislative and the Judicial Power. But the existence of those powers was not always thatRead MoreMajor Supreme Court Cases Under Judge John Marshall1482 Words   |  6 Pagesmade by Supreme Court chief justice John Marshall have had a major influence on todays Judiciary System. One of his major decisions was in the case Marbury v. Madison, in which he set the precedent of judicial review. Another major decision is in the case McCulloch v. Maryland, in this case Marshall ruled that Congress possesses certain implied powers. Other major decisions made by Marshall were in the cases Dartmouth College v. Woodward, Gibbons v. Ogden, in which Marshall defined national powerRead More Major Supreme Court Cases Under Judge John Marshall Essay1441 Words   |  6 Pagesmade by Supreme Court chief justice John Marshall have had a major influence on today’s Judiciary System. One of his major decisions was in the case Marbury v. Madison, in which he set the precedent of judicial review. Another major decision is in the case McCulloch v. Maryland, in this case Marshall ruled that Congress possesses certain implied powers. Other major decisions made by Marshall were in the cases Dartmouth College v. Woodward, Gibbons v. Ogden, in which Marshall defined national powerRead MoreThe Two Eras that Made the Supreme Court the most Influential1293 Words   |  6 Pages The Marshall Court and the Rehnquist Court are the two eras that made the Supreme Court the most influential. The Marshall Court in 1801 to 1835 helped create the foundation for the United States constitutional law, which contributing to making the Supreme Court of the United States a coequal branch of government. The Rehnquist Court in 1986 to 2005 favored a concept of federalism that played a vital role on the Tenth Amendment’s reservation of powers to the states. Under Rehnquist point of viewRead MoreThe Legacy Of John Marshall1554 Words   |  7 PagesMichael J. Scinto Professor Paul Rego American Government (Politics 113) 20 - Nov - 2014 The Legacy of John Marshall Few individuals have left as prominent a mark on the United States as Chief Justice John Marshall. An ardent Federalist, he worked throughout most of his life to separate the powers of national and state government, furthering the agenda of his party long after they dissolved. In Marbury v. Madison, he led the Court in striking down an act of Congress that was in conflict with theRead MoreThe Supreme Court And Chief Justice Essay1670 Words   |  7 Pages1. How did the Supreme Court and Chief Justice John Marshall establish the principle of â€Å"judicial review?† Explain the doctrine and its genesis and discuss two major Supreme Court cases since 2000 that have reinforced judicial authority over the States using this principle. In 1803, Marbury v. Madison established a concept known as â€Å"judicial review†. Supreme Court Chief Justice John Marshall stated â€Å"the theory of every such government must be, that an act of the legislature, repugnant to the constitutionRead MoreThe Supreme Court Two Hundred Years869 Words   |  4 Pagesdefeated President, Marshall is arguably the most significant judge in American history--yet only now is he getting the scholarly recognition he so richly deserves. For instance, Herbert A. Johnson, the founding editor of the invaluable Papers of John Marshall, Charles F. Hobson, his successor, and Jean Edward Smith have written excellent biographies of Marshall. These works tend toward the massive, as does G. Edward White s important study of the last twenty years of the Marshall Court. One couldRead MoreThe Necessary And Proper Clause876 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Congress. At the time the Chief of Justice John Marshall opinion had a lot to do with the endorsement of the constitutionality of the bank but it then eventually upheld a broad of interpretation of the government’s powers under the Constitution. This case eventually became the foundation of subsequent expansions of the government’s power. Chief justice John Marshall could take a case and in one single glance in his mind determine the argument of the case. With great ability it didn’t take him longRead MoreMarbury v. Madison is possibly the most important view in Supreme Court history. It tenable the1200 Words   |  5 Pagescontrolled by Chief Justice John Marshall, chooses the milestone or radical case of William Marbury against James Madison, Secretary of State of the United States and settles the lawful belief of judicial review the aptitude of the Supreme Court to boundary Congressional power by announcing legislation unauthorized in the new nation. The court lined that a new president, Jefferson, through his secretary of state, Madison, was mistaken to stop Marbury from getting the bureau as justice of the peace

Business Law - Acme Fireworks - 2432 Words

Business Law - Acme Fireworks Introduction Various liabilities can arise while manufacturing and selling fireworks. Potential personal liabilities can also arise if a customer is injured while using the fireworks and can often be devastating to the owner of a business, especially if the owner is not protected by an appropriate business structure/entity (Rogers, 2012). Hence, in order to expand the business, one of the best precautions would be to change the business from a sole proprietorship to a Limited Liability Company (LLC) (Miller, 2015). Moreover, while transitioning into a larger business, the company would have to hire additional employees or independent contractors so as to keep up with an increase in demand for the products, which leads to the necessity of having a valid contract in place to ensure that every transaction and business dealing is carried out legally (Miller, 2015). Hence, the purpose of this paper will be to provide advice to Acme Fireworks’ owner as the manager on different issues ranging fro m common law and UCC requirements of business contracts, the essential elements of a contract, personal potential liability in case of injury, the different types of employment and the most appropriate business structure for the company. Discussion Common Law versus the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) All contracts are governed by the state laws where the agreement was made. Nevertheless, a contract can either be governed by the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) orShow MoreRelatedAcme Fireworks : Business Law2221 Words   |  9 Pages Acme Fireworks Angelica DiMaggio Instructor Malvin BUS311: Business Law May 26, 2016 Acme Fireworks is a reputable fire work company that falls under the form of retailer. In order to gain consumers and sell their products they must put out ground display’s of their fireworks as well as a variety of aerial fireworks, especially their larger products. This company started out as a small family owned business in the back of a man’s garage and as he grewRead MoreAn Introduction With A Thesis Statement1064 Words   |  5 PagesAssignment D. Josh Rhoderick BUS311: Business Law I Instructor: Daniel Malvin Nov 30th , 2015 Final Paper Proposal: Develop an introduction with a thesis statement for the Final Paper: I have been tasked with figuring out if contracts with several large businesses will be governed by common law or the Uniform Commercial Code. Analyze with the owner formed a contract with the businesses, and apply the five essential elements of an enforceable contract. The business is growing, we want to exceed ourRead MoreElectronic Codes And Its Effect On A Small Business Entity1659 Words   |  7 PagesACME Fireworks has come a long ways in the past 15 years and thus has accepted some changes that will be challenging. If the large orders do not continue, the company will not have the funds to pay the new employees. ACME Fireworks should expand to a larger business entity because expanding to a larger business entity will allow the company to negotiate larger contracts with other companies, and the company will never reach its full potential until it has expanded to a larger business entity. InRead MoreBusiness Entities Essay1297 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Business Entities Jessica Perez BUS 311 Business Law Instructor: Janet Fiorentino 12/1/2014 As the manager of Acme Fireworks, I need to gather information to help the owner determine whether or not he should continue to be a sole proprietorship or if he should switch to another business entity. I will help him do so by explaining each entity and how they relate to his business situation. I am the manager of Acme Fireworks, a fireworks retailer who sells fireworks, puts on ground displayRead MoreAcme Fireworks And An Enforceable Contract1521 Words   |  7 Pagesorganization called Acme Fireworks and to determine if the laws that these businesses will be governed by, analyze the contracts, apply the five essentials elements of an enforceable contract, explain the potential liability if a spectator is injured, discuss the different employment types relevant to this company, and explain why they should not operate as a sole proprietorship. Acme Fireworks is a fireworks retailer that sells fireworks. They also put on both ground and aerial firework displays. TheRead MoreAcme Fireworks Is A Sole Proprietorship1770 Words   |  8 Pages Acme Fireworks is a sole proprietorship that has recently attracted the attention of larger retailers who desire to place large reoccurring orders. It is necessary to ascertain if Acme Fireworks can fulfill these orders and what will be necessary to fulfill such great volumes. In this proposal, I will Determine if the contracts with the businesses will be governed by common law or the Uniform Commercial Code, Analyze whether the verbal agreement discussed between the owner and retailer meetsRead MoreSole Proprietorship And Limited Liability Company1872 Words   |  8 PagesSole Proprietorship and Limited Liability Company For the past two years, Acme has been working out of the owner’s garage as a sole proprietorship. Which means there is one entity and there is no separation of the company and the owner. The sole proprietorship and the owner are one and the same meaning the business is not taxed but rather it is the owner’s income. The sole proprietorship is the least expensive to form. This type of entity has disadvantages of the owner being liable for all theRead MoreA Report On Acme Fireworks2210 Words   |  9 PagesAcme Fireworks is a fireworks retailer that sells fireworks, puts on ground display fireworks, and large aerial display fireworks. There have been several inquiries from businesses who would like to use our service for fireworks displays on a regular basis. As the manager of Acme Fireworks, we are looking to expand our businesses with several inquiries. There are several aspects to consider when determining the most beneficial business structure for this venture. All businesses want to make aRead MoreEvaluation Of A New Business2589 Words   |  11 PagesAs a manager of an up a coming small business there are several things to consider. Formulating a recommendation to the owner of how to change this business entity would will require a detailed evaluation of laws that will govern the business. Careful consideration of any contracts in place would also need to be considered before determining what type of business to form. Due to the dangerous nature of the product produced by a fireworks company possible liability would need to be evaluated so theRead MoreAcme Fireworks2308 Words   |  10 Pages Acme Fireworks Name Course Instructor Institution Date of Submission Acme Fireworks Business Contracts The business contract is considered as the common legal transactions most business people get involved to ensure the activities run smoothly. When a person understands the contract law, he/she is good to create a sound business agreement. However, the agreement would be legally enforceable in case something bad happens

The Legalization of Marijuana Free Essays

A drug that has the ability to help cure obesity, asthma, and relieve nausea for cancer patients is surely the miracle drug of the future. In fact, this drug can help relieve the national debt by contributing over $10 million dollars annually and also alleviate prison overpopulation problems. This drug is the most commonly used drug in the United States, and yet none of these positive aspects of it are being taken advantage of. We will write a custom essay sample on The Legalization of Marijuana or any similar topic only for you Order Now With over 200 slang terms for this drug, it is most commonly referred to as marijuana. While the drug itself does have some drawbacks, its potential is enormous, and its advantages are untapped. This essay will establish the fact that marijuana has enormous medical, physical, and psychological benefits, while on the other hand the misconceptions of marijuana will be reviewed and examined further, and finally the economic benefits of marijuana to society will perhaps be its greatest contribution. Ancient civilizations have taken advantage of marijuana’s economical, medical, and religious perks, and with enough research today’s society can take profit from this drug as well. Marijuana usage dates back to Ancient China where it was most commonly used in religious ceremonies to honor the dead. In time, it evolved to medical use by these ancient peoples to help alleviate such medical ailments as constipation, asthma, loss of appetite, inflammation, coughs, urinary tract infections, and hemorrhoid. Recent research has even supported most of these uses as accurate and efficient. In addition, more extensive research has confirmed that marijuana reduces the stress behind the eyes cause by glaucoma, and more impressively is its ability to eliminate nausea from chemotherapy for cancer patients. Even though most chemotherapy has about an 80% remission rate, most patients turn it down due to its nauseating side-effects. Equally important are the physical advantages that have recently been discovered with new research. Notably, the effects of marijuana on the brain are quite unexpected. Contrary to popular misconceptions, marijuana does not kill brain cells or damage them in any way. The drug itself actually stimulates the left side of the brain which increases productivity, while simultaneously relaxing the right hemisphere and thus causing a euphoric state that may either relax or motivate the user. The most surprising fact is the fact that to date, there is not one reported death in the entire world that is caused due to and overdose of marijuana. Dr. Andrew Weil testified before U. S. Congress that â€Å"a smoker would have to theoretically consume 1,500 pounds of marijuana within about 15 minutes to induce a lethal response† — whereas, he noted, eating 10 raw potatoes could deliver a â€Å"toxic response† and aspirin causes possibly thousands of deaths annually. † Marijuana’s use extends beyond the medical field well into the religious beliefs of tens of thousands of individuals around the world. It has been used by such groups as Hindus, Buddhists, Rastafarians, and many more for religious ceremonies as a part of their culture and heritage. The United States Constitution does not restrict the use of marijuana so long as it is used for religious purposes. The major question in this statement is that if marijuana is safe enough for religious usage, why than is it so dangerous and illegal? Finally, the hemp plant that marijuana comes from is an incredibly useful natural resource that can be cultivated and used for purposes such as rope, clothing, and even food. Hemp grows very easily under almost any conditions and is very cost efficient to cultivate. Despite these innumerous benefits of marijuana, many people, especially in the United States still believe that marijuana should be illegal due to preconceived notions about the drug. In today’s society, our nation’s youth are bombarded by the anti-drug slogans â€Å"Just say no† and â€Å"dope is for dopes† without giving them the full spectrum of these drugs, both the positive and negative aspects. There are about as many myths about the horrendous effects of marijuana as there are urban legends about people getting their kidneys stolen, and for the most part, both myths are ridiculous lies. The most widely used lie about marijuana is that it is a â€Å"gateway† drug that will only lead its users to harder drugs such as cocaine. In a study in 1994, less than 16% of marijuana users have ever even tried any hard drugs. Furthermore, during the 1960’s and 1970’s, while marijuana usage increased, heroin usage increased, thus proving that those who used marijuana did not then turn to a harder drug. Another popular belief is that marijuana is more harmful for the user than smoking a cigarette. In fact, many claims are that smoking one joint is equal to smoking give cigarettes. While marijuana joints do contain more tar than cigarettes, they hold much less tobacco and tar is not the cancer causing component in a cigarette therefore it is not harmful. Finally, another popular argument is that smoking is bad for you not matter what it is that you smoke. This is in fact true, by smoking any plant increases the lesions in the lungs which increases risk for infection, although, if the marijuana user is worried about this, they have the option of either eating or vaporizing the drug, this cannot be done with tobacco. It is evident that marijuana has been bashed enough to make it seem more harmful than it is, without giving the full story which includes its positives which do not end with the user, but extend to aid its society. Annually $7. 6 million are paid by taxpayers to put non-violent marijuana offenders in jail. This number includes those patients who use marijuana for their medicinal usage at the risk of being arrested to help alleviate their pains. During the Reagan and Bush administrations only, the total expenditure of drug enforcement is an astonishing $64 billion dollars and as of 1991, independently, states spend about $17. billion between programs and the criminalization. By legalizing marijuana and setting a tax on it, the government would find itself easing out of the enormous debt we are currently experiencing. Not only would it relieve the national debt, but contribute to it. By charging a mere dollar per joint, the government would gain at least $6. 4 million dollars annually. Marijuana is legalized in many European countries that save billions of dollars each year while profiting from the sales. Additionally, these countries are better able to focus on the violent crimes occurring in the country and do not have to worry about minor drug offenses. Furthermore, the overpopulation in our nation’s prisons has become an increasingly disturbing issue. With over 1. 5 million drug related arrests yearly, it contributes to the over crowding and in 1999, 59. 6% of all inmates in federal prisons were in for a drug related crime. Finally, by legalizing marijuana, it would eliminate the black market over priced selling of the drug and reduce crime rates in many urban areas. With those dealers off the streets, we may find that they simply turn to a normal life. Evidently, the issue of legalizing marijuana is not one that is simply a moral or ethical issue, but rather an overwhelming collection of facts in favor or its benefits. Marijuana has proven to have considerable potential for a number of uses, yet we ignore them despite extensive research. As in the 1920’s during the prohibition of alcohol, the government realized that by prohibiting alcohol, it led to an increase in crime. Likewise, the prohibition of marijuana has led to an increase in unnecessary arrests of non-violent people while violent murders are being committed continuously. Marijuana is nothing to be ashamed of, in fact, many famous leaders have admitted to using the popular drug such as, Al Gore, Willie Nelson, and our nation’s first leader George Washington even grew and cultivated the plant! Marijuana is not some drug that is fry your brain, it is a drug of the future and one that if people are open enough to try it, many will find it euphoric and a way to connect with others. As Bob Marley once said, â€Å"†The more people smoke herb, the more Babylon fall. â€Å" How to cite The Legalization of Marijuana, Papers The Legalization of Marijuana Free Essays There are many reasons why It should be legal. This essay will focus mostly on the medical benefits, but will also compare marl]nana to other drugs, as you can see with this table that marijuana is less toxic than compared to other drugs such as alcohol and prescription drugs. According to this table it is about as toxic and dangerous as caffeine. We will write a custom essay sample on The Legalization of Marijuana or any similar topic only for you Order Now (Winnfield, 1994) Consuming alcohol excessively is the third leading preventable cause of death In the United States and can really damage the liver, yet this substance Is legal to consume In the United States. Take into the consideration that there are many accidents due to drunk driving or driving under the influence. There is little evidence that cannabis that is used long term causes permanent damage. Lung cancer can be prevented by using a vaporizer. Vaporizer are devices that heat the active constituents to a temperature below the ignition point of the cannabis, so that their vapors can be inhaled. Combustion of the plant material is avoided which prevents the harmful carcinogens such as carbon monoxide from forming† There are problems that cannabis can cause with certain people such as psychotic disorder. A 24 year old man whom we will call Mr.. Z was hospitalized for insomnia, irritability and aggressiveness 2 years after military service. A urine screening revealed that he used cannabises semi-daily and no other substance abuse. Four months later, he presented to a marijuana clinic complaining of chronic pain, insomnia, and anxiety and was given a diagnosis of postgraduates stress disorder (POTS) and pain, along with a medical recommendation for cannabis. No psychotic symptoms were elicited. He also increased the frequency of his daily use from approximately once to twice daily. Six months later, Mr.. Z was rationalized with new-onset auditory illustrations and delusions. Irreparable (1 5 MGM/day) was prescribed, with gradual symptomatic Improvement, and then tapered to a lower dose (7. 5 MGM/day) due to tremor. The patient reported that he believed smoking cannabis helped his chronic plan out Tanat It worsened Nils synoptic symptoms, sun Tanat en wanted Nell to stop smoking the drug. After 4 weeks, he was discharged to residential substance abuse treatment with only mild, residual psychotic symptoms and a discharge diagnosis of psychotic disorder not otherwise specified, POTS, and cannabis dependence. At a 3- month follow-up evaluation, while still taking irreparable, Mr.. Z remained off cannabis and free of psychotic symptoms. † (Pierre, 2010) Marijuana had benefits throughout history, there have been reports of the symptoms that marijuana has cured. The standard review set forth by the FEDC Act, demands clinical investigations and scientific proof by experts qualified by scientific training and experience to evaluate the effectiveness of the drug involved. Therefore it is appropriate in detail that material regarding the safety and efficiency of medical marijuana is true (Cohen, 2009) . All drugs do have side effects but with marijuana the dangers are far less. It is used to treat nausea, vomiting, insomnia, lack of appetite, movement disorders, pain, cancer, alcohol abuse, bipolar disorder, inflammatory bowel disease and a host of other symptoms. With stress marijuana helps calm people down and not dwell on problems that they have, while the problems do not go away it is considered to help cope with the problems. Finding the balance to deal with your problems and have marijuana help cope is key to making the use successful. Not finding a balance can be negative as much as it is positive. In general everyone has some type of problem and smoking marijuana can help. In 1851, the United States granted marijuana the status of a legitimate medical compound. The complaints for doing this that cannabis had treated where neuralgia, gout, tetanus, hydrophobia, convulsions, mental depression, hysteria and insanity. This was supported by anecdotal input and not scientific data. Anecdotal reports are suggestive and do not constitute the firm scientific reports that is essential to Justify the approval of marijuana to be completely legal. A recent study suggests that marijuana may be a useful addition to chemotherapy for hepatitis C, a deadly infection. Drugs that are used to treat HCI are effective but have ever side effects such as extreme fatigue, nausea, muscle aches, loss of appetite, and depression. Sylvester and colleagues found that smoking marijuana significantly ameliorated these symptoms. This enabled patients to complete treatment when patients who did not smoke opted to not complete treatment (Cohen, 2009). In 2007 the efficiency of smoking marijuana by the AIDS community was verified by a scientific peer-reviewed publication by Donald Abram and coworkers. In this publication random volunteers were assigned to smoke marijuana or identical placebo cigarettes three times daily for 5 days. The report stated that the percentage f subjects who smoked reported more than a 30% reduction in pain intensity, the study found that marijuana reduced daily pain by an average of 34% (Cohen, 2009). Even in friends and family that I have talked to also reported that this is true, that smoking marijuana has helped them deal with pain. They also stated that it has helped keep them calm and would rather smoke marijuana then drink alcohol. I en tests Ana Tact’s snow Tanat ten Detentes AT marijuana outline ten rills information in this essay shows the risks of marijuana compared to other prescribed drugs are less. With all drugs there are side effects especially death which is almost inexistent in marijuana, people can benefit more from it especially using vaporizer which cuts down the chance for getting lung cancer. How to cite The Legalization of Marijuana, Papers

Evaluation Of The Five Dimensions †Complete solution of free Sample

Question: Evaluate yourself in terms of cognitive moral development and locus of control, eithical decision-making style, Moral disengagement, and Machiavellianism what does this tell you about your own ethical decision making? Answer: Introduction The study is based on business ethics and the various sections that it consists, which can be at times of huge significance on the personality of the individual. Moreover, the study will also help the learner gain excessive amount of knowledge regarding the five dimensions that has been stated within the assignment. Meanwhile, the five dimensions of cognitive moral development, locus of control, ethical decision making style, moral disengagement, and Machiavellianism have been studied broadly within the assignment in the desired divisions and as per the need of the assignment (Moon, 2009, p. 27). Furthermore, these five dimensions are demonstrated and experienced on a known person and his reactions to these are stated within the study as well. Evaluation of the five dimensions Cognitive moral development This section determines that the moral development matures with the maturity of the individual. Moreover, it can also be referred as the surviving through the various stages of maturity and getting capable of making ethical decisions (Castro, 2012, p. 181). One of my close friends, who have grown with me from childhood and I have noticed that he had some massive good habits which even lead him to a respected man in the society. This came to my notice when he helped one of the flood victims whom we meet during our journey to office. However, helping the victim is not that a huge deed but the amount he paid to the victim was quiet big and the most pivotal element in this is everyone was facing a inflation at that span of time. Locus of control This section indicates the kind of positive and negative reactions that an individual makes during various events of life (Garaventa, 2014, p. 535). My friend who is quiet polite and helpful in nature believes in the various sections of luck, time etc. However, once in school days, he was punished for not doing the homework, despite he has done it. The event occurred as he lost the home work copy on his way to school and afterwards he said to me that he was unlucky regarding the happening of this event. Ethical decision making style Though my friend is polite and positive in nature, but on the other hand he just does not stand any kind of nonsense regarding the professional life. One of the events cleared this fact regarding him. The event started in the business section that he has, as he once got excessively angry and fired one of the employee of his firm due to the sick attitude of that employee. However, the employee pleaded for apology but still he never listed to the employee and stuck to his decision though he is one of the most pleasant and kind human being I have ever meet. Moral disengagement The section of moral disengagement can prove my friend of huge negative in nature as he has a bad habit of consuming alcohol. He is not at all addictive to smoking but at the same time he has an intense habit of consuming alcohol. These got even excessive when he was going through a bad phase of life. Though the situation has improved a lot but this habit of him has not improved. He also says that people should do what they like and alcohol is not that damageable as smoking to human health. Hence, it can be stated that my friend has a huge negative nature in regards to the section of moral disengagement (Goodpaster, 2009, p. 53). Machiavellianism This section of Machiavellianism refers the kind of persons who can do anything to reach their goals or persons who can do whatever it takes to make the things go their way and in their directed way as well (Businesscasestudies.co.uk, 2015). My friend is one of the stubborn people that I have meet still date as he makes things happen which he thinks or wants to achieve in life. Moreover, these practices have even led him to negative as well as positive results in life. Once, in his business some dealer wanted some time to deliver goods but he wanted the goods within four hours which the dealer denied. Then he cancelled out all the other orders that he has previously made to the dealer. The dealer hence became bound to listen to him and deliver within four hours as cancelling the other orders means a lot of loss to the dealer. Conclusion The study brings us to the conclusion that people are of types and can never be judged by any one element of characteristics. Hence, it is of utmost importance that the evaluation of the major dimensions should be made which is learnt throughout the study. Reference List Books Moon, C. (2009). Business ethics. London: Economist. Grace, D. and Cohen, S. (2011). Business ethics. Australia: Oxford University Press. Journals Castro, B. (2012). Business Ethics: Knowing Ourselves. Business Ethics Quarterly, 4(2), p.181. Garaventa, E. (2014). A Tool for Teaching Business Ethics. Business Ethics Quarterly, 8(3), p.535. Goodpaster, K. (2009). Business Ethics Analysis. Business Ethics Quarterly, 1(1), p.53. Website Businesscasestudies.co.uk, (2015). What are business ethics? - Business ethics and corporate social responsibility - social media and information | Business Case Studies. [online] Available at: https://businesscasestudies.co.uk/anglo-american/business-ethics-and-corporate-social-responsibility/what-are-business-ethics.html#axzz3aZL8HNLH [Accessed 19 May 2015].

Strategic HRM plans and policies

Why the American Citizens are Adopting Children from Other Countries

Why the American Citizens are Adopting Children from Other Countries Brodzinsky, D.M., Schechter, M.D., Henig, R.M.   (1992). Being adopted: The lifelong search for self. New York, NY: Doubleday. The authors of this book managed to outline developmental tasks at each of seven stages throughout the life of an adopted person.Advertising We will write a custom annotated bibliography sample on Why the American Citizens are Adopting Children from Other Countries? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Brodzinsky, D.M., Schechter, M.D. (Eds.) (1990). The psychology of adoption. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. The chapters of this book are written by leading researchers in the field of adoption, and they cover such topics as theoretical perspectives on adoption adjustment, outcomes of adoption, identity formation, interracial adoption, family therapy, social policy, and open adoption. Glennen, S. (2002). Language development and delay in internationally adopted infants and toddlers: A review. American Jo urnal of Speech-Language Pathology, 11(2), 333-339. Glennen succinctly covers the concept of delayed speech and language development in internationally adopted children. He states that the major problem is not the transition from one culture to another but change of language and sound issues. Grotevant, H., Dunbar, N., Kohler, J.K., Lash Esau, E.M. (2000). Adoptive identity: How contexts within and beyond the family shape developmental pathways. Family Relations, 49(4), 379-387. This article discusses the development of the adoptive identity in terms of the intrapsychic component, family environment, and contexts beyond the family; implications for practitioners are included. Hollingsworth, L. (2002). Why are so many U. S. families adopting internationally? A social exchange perspective. Journal of Human Behaviour in the Social Environment, 6(2), 81-97. The author gives several reasons why the American citizens are adopting children from other countries. Additionally, readers are p rovided with clear statistics about international adoption in the U.S. Johnson, D. (2002). Adoption and the effect on childrens development. Early Human Development, 68(2), 39-54. The paper brings forth the various issues relating to the concept of adoption. Similarly, there is a section devoted by the writer which talks about the problems faced by individuals who are adopted and the best way to overcome them. Kelly, M.,  Towner†Thyrum, E., Rigby, A., Martin, B. (1998). Adjustment and identity formation in adopted and non-adopted young adults: Contributions of family environment. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 68(3), 497-500. Adopted college students were compared with non-adopted college students on measures of adjustment and identity formation, and the two groups were found to be largely similar.Advertising Looking for annotated bibliography on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Lifton, B. (2001). Shared identity issues for adopted people. In V. Groza K. F. Rosenberg (Eds.), Clinical and practice issues in adoption: Bridging the gap between adopted people placed as infants and as older children, (pp. 37-48). Westport, CT: Bergin and Garvey. The author draws upon her experience as an adopted person and upon her work with all members of the adoption triad to explore the psychological issues faced by adopted people before, during, and after their search for their birth family. Rosenberg, E. (1992). The adoption life cycle: The children and their families through the years. New York, NY: Free Press. The book is written by a clinical professor in psychiatry, this book draws on case examples to show how the different members of the adoption triad influence each other and to describe developmental tasks for those in the adoption circle. Serbin, L. (1997). Research on international adoption: Implications for developmental theory and social policy. International Journal o f Behavioural Development, 20(2), 83-92. The author of this article did an excellent job by linking development theories of human beings from day one to when they grow to adulthood and the impacts associated by being adopted internationally. Sharma, A.,  McGue, M.K., Benson, P.L. (1996). The emotional and behavioural adjustment of United States adopted adolescents: Part I. An overview. Children and Youth Services Review, 18(1-2), 83-100. In a comparison of adjustment and family functioning in over 4,000 adopted adolescents and over 4,000 non-adopted adolescents, small but significant differences were found between the groups, with one finding showing lower self-confidence and optimism in adopted persons. Smyer, M., Gatz, M., Simi, N.L., Pedersen, N.L. (1998). Childhood adoption: Long-term effects in adulthood. Psychiatry, 61(3), 191-205. Researchers studied adult outcome variables in 60 pairs of twins who had been separated as infants or children, so that one was raised in the b iological family and one was raised in an adoptive family; results emphasize the impact of socioeconomic status on adult outcomes, such that adopted adults were better educated but also showed greater psychological distress. Trolley, B. (1995). Grief issues and positive aspects associated with international adoption. Omega: Journal of Death and Dying, 30(1), 257-268. Trolley covered the issue of emotion, grief and perception of being devalued. On the same note, he ventured to the positive issues related to international adoption such as provision of basic needs, quality education among others. References Brodzinsky, D.M.,  Schecter, M.D., Henig, R.M.   (1992). Being adopted: The lifelong search for self. New York, NY: Doubleday.Advertising We will write a custom annotated bibliography sample on Why the American Citizens are Adopting Children from Other Countries? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Brodzinsky, D.M., Schechter, M.D . (Eds.) (1990). The psychology of adoption. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Glennen, S. (2002). Language development and delay in internationally adopted infants and toddlers: A review. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 11(2), 333-339. Grotevant, H., Dunbar, N., Kohler, J.K., Lash Esau, E.M. (2000). Adoptive identity: How contexts within and beyond the family shape developmental pathways. Family Relations, 49(4), 379-387. Hollingsworth, L. (2002). Why are so many U. S. families adopting internationally? A social exchange perspective. Journal of Human Behaviour in the Social Environment, 6(2), 81-97. Johnson, D. (2002). Adoption and the effect on childrens development. Early Human Development, 68(2), 39-54. Kelly, M.,  Towner†Thyrum, E., Rigby, A., Martin, B. (1998). Adjustment and identity formation in adopted and non-adopted young adults: Contributions of family environment. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 68(3), 497-500. Lifton, B. (2001). Share d identity issues for adopted people. In V. Groza K. F. Rosenberg (Eds.), Clinical and practice issues in adoption: Bridging the gap between adopted people placed as infants and as older children, (pp. 37-48). Westport, CT: Bergin and Garvey.Advertising Looking for annotated bibliography on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Rosenberg, E. (1992). The adoption life cycle: The children and their families through the years. New York, NY: Free Press. Serbin, L. (1997). Research on international adoption: Implications for developmental theory and social policy. International Journal of Behavioural Development, 20(2), 83-92. Sharma, A.,  McGue, M.K., Benson, P.L. (1996). The emotional and behavioural adjustment of United States adopted adolescents: Part I. An overview. Children and Youth Services Review, 18(1-2), 83-100. Smyer, M., Gatz, M., Simi, N.L., Pedersen, N.L. (1998). Childhood adoption: Long-term effects in adulthood. Psychiatry, 61(3), 191-205. Trolley, B. (1995). Grief issues and positive aspects associated with international adoption. Omega: Journal of Death and Dying, 30(1), 257-268.

Ad Proposal for Apple 2014 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ad Proposal for Apple 2014 - Essay Example EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The principle intention of the paper is to analyze the present marketing strategy of Apple Inc (Apple) and depict the strengths and weaknesses of the same, which would further be considered for strategizing future campaigns. Contextually, keeping in consideration the strengths and loopholes of advertising in Apple, a proposition has been made to the company, aiming at its launch of an ad campaign in the succeeding year, i.e. 2014. This proposal has been based on the analysis of the past records of the advertising strategies adapted by Apple, which were further assessed from a critical point of view in order to identify its strengths and weaknesses, with respect to the ad campaigns. Observably, the main strength of advertising approach of the company is its simplicity and its ability to ensure emotional connectedness with the targeted customers. However, the company is seen to be somewhat reluctant towards targeting the non-competitive market with the help of its adv ertising, which has remained to be a debatable topic in the recent years. Contextually, a proposal has been made planning the future advertising campaigns of Apple, which has focused on enhancing the appeal of the advertising on the competitive and the non-competitive markets along with insuring maximum innovation of the same keeping the company’s strengths and weaknesses into account. ... It is worth mentioning in this context that Apple has also been focused on applying competitive brand imaging strategies, taking the approach of year-on-year ad campaigns. COMPANY OVERVIEW Being a renowned global Information Communication Technology (ICT) company, Apple is principally engaged with the designing, manufacturing and marketing of innovative ICT products of high quality. The company is famous worldwide as an innovative brand and a pioneer in advancing the quality features of ICT devices to deliver utmost conveniences to the customers. The success of the company worldwide can also be regarded as a byproduct of its effective marketing and product strategy. Notably, the current marketing strategy of the company is based on the notion of simplicity and on the intention of developing a direct connection with the customers. Contrastingly, there are certain loopholes in the marketing section including lack of innovation and targeting non competitive markets that the company stra tegically desires to overcome in its future campaigns (Hoovers, â€Å"Apple Inc. Company Information†). CURRENT MARKETING STRATEGY OF APPLE INC (ADVERTISING) As discussed above, Apple is one of the biggest consumer electronics companies of the world. The success ratio of the company is currently observable at an uprising path, owing to its effective policies and approaches to satisfy the customers. Among the major approaches of the company, it marketing tactics has a pivotal role in its success worldwide. For instance, the company believes that simple marketing campaigns are much better and effective in delivering favorable results. The marketing approach of the company, which works according to the changing market trend, can be stated as its major strength. In all its ad campaigns till

Statistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Statistics - Essay Example Additionally, the regression model created in this paper is used to discuss the variation in house prices depending on presence, absence or variation in the predicting factors. Thus, house prices are considered to be the dependent variables whereas the number of bathrooms, number of bedrooms and size in square feet are deemed to be the independent or predictor variables. Factors that determine house prices have an economic significance. For instance, a home or a house that has three bedrooms and three bathrooms is considered to have a higher price than those houses that have two bathrooms and two bedrooms. Moreover, a house with a larger size (square feet) is deemed to be more costly than a smaller house. Thus, this study has value to the real estate industry and economy at large. Firstly, it assists in determining the cost of living of people in different settings. This provides an insight on the level of cost of living for a particular place. Moreover, it plays a role in measuring the living standards of people occupying houses that have different specifications. Lastly, this study is useful in budget and planning as it enables one to estimate the average price of a house that suits his or her specifications. This would add value to previous findings over the same topic of study. Therefore, the hypothesis being investigated is that the sales price of a home is determined by the number of bedrooms, number of bathrooms and size in square feet. To prove this hypothesis, the paper uses sales data for homes from Springfield. In this data, only four variables are considered in fitting a regression model as shown below: The above regression model can be summarized as: House Price = -591420.7785 + 326.5526297 sq-ft + 160839.1163 Baths + 8436.754376 Beds. An interpretation of this is that when the size of a house is increased by a single square feet, the price of the house increases by $326.5526297, when the number

Should New Orleans be deploying a WiFi hookup citywide, or should this Essay

Should New Orleans be deploying a WiFi hookup citywide, or should this be left to the private sector - Essay Example In the aftermath of the disastrous Hurricane Katrina, the infrastructure of New Orleans was completely wiped out. This meant that traditional wireline phone service and cellular networks stopped functioning. The only communication network that was still intact was the wireless mesh network mounted on electric poles that was used to support the city's crime surveillance cameras prior to the storm. (Greene, 2006). Once power was restored to the storm ravaged city, one of the first steps undertaken by the Chief Intelligence Officer of New Orleans (CIO), Greg Meffert, was to expand the Tropos-based mesh network, link it to the Internet and open access to citizens to make IP calls through VoIP, (Voice over Internet Protocol) software from companies like Skype and Vonage (Greene, 2006). And thus the idea of a WiFi network for the city took shape, and on November 29, 2005 (just 3 months after the disaster) City Mayor C. Ray Nagin announced the deployment of the country's first free municipa lly owned wireless internet system in the downtown area. (Krim, 2005). The public Wi-Fi service, was set up with $1.2 million worth of equipment donated by Tropos and Intel (Hamblen, 2006). The case of New Orleans brings to light the increasing trend of municipalities across America and the world to launch their own free or low cost wireless internet service over entire city areas. As in the case with New Orleans, the arguments for deploying a municipally owned wireless internet are 1) To reduce the digital divide; a term which refers to those (individuals and businesses) who are disadvantaged by the inability to access high-speed internet because of their failure to pay for high speed DSL/broadband or their geographic location (rural America, where low population density ) which makes it infeasible to lay down the infrastructure needed for traditional wireline internet services. 2) Low cost of deployment: A WiFi network makes use of existing infrastructure like electricity poles, lamp posts, municipal buildings etc. to transmit signals over a sufficiently large area. The proposed cost of the WiFi network for 1.5 m people of Philadelphia was projected at $10.5 million; conversely it cost $ 8.5 million to build the traditional broadband cable and internet network, in Lebanon (Ohio), which is a small town of only 17,000 people. Thus the cost per person would be much lower as compared to a wired network and the time taken for deployment is also comparatively faster (New Millennium Research, 2005). 3) Municipally owned wireless network will bring forth efficiency and increased productivity in the working of the city councils and law enforcement agencies. This was seen in the efficient working of the building inspectors in New Orleans who were able swiftly process paperwork for reconstruction permits without wasting time in travel from city office to site. WiFi networks can also in the future

Analysing The Chemistry Of Coke Chemistry Essay

Analysing The Chemistry Of Coke Chemistry Essay Coke is the most popular carbonated soft drink. Generally there is Phosphoric acid in all fizzy drinks including cokes. The Phosphoric acid is infused as an active ingredient in coke to provide the tangy flavour. There is variety of different types of cokes. For example diet coke which contains less sugar and calories than original coke, vanilla coke which has vanilla flavour and zero coke which contains no sugar at all. Nowadays it is getting issued that phosphoric acid can damage humans teeth or bone health even with minimal exposure. Investigation of finding out the amount of phosphoric acid in each three different cokes; original, zero and vanilla coke by titration is done for consumers to let them know that amount of phosphoric acid is not changed depends the types of the cokes. Introduction Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) is an active ingredient that contributes the tangy taste in the coke. The acid is fairly weak but, more drinks, the more acid human body has to neutralize. For that the body uses calcium from the bones which reduce the bone strength. (AdlersbergJay, 2010) To analyse the phosphoric acid in cokes, the acid/base titration method has been brought. Acid/bas titration is required to determine the unknown concentration of a known reactant. It is performed by dropping the known solution in the burette into the unknown solution in the beaker which has been added a few drops of the indicator or simply using the pH Meter. (KennanMark) The indicator is a liquid that makes the colour change of the solution when it is neutralized. Different indicators are used for different pH levels and they have different colour changes. (Acid-Base Chemistry) Indicator pH Range Color Change Thymol blue 1.2 2.8 red à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ yellow Methyl red 4.4 6.2 red à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ yellow Litmus 5 8 red à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ blue Bromothymol blue 6.2 7.6 yellow à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ blue Phenolphthalein 8.0 10.0 colorless à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ pink The experiment is performed based on the hypothesis, the amount of phosphoric acid in each different types of cokes are different as they are not the same type of the coke. Main Body Aim The aim of the experiment is to analyse a commercial sample of three different types of cokes and determine the mass of phosphoric acid in the samples using volumetric analysis; acid/base titration. Hypothesis If the types of the coke are different then the quantity of phosphoric acid in cokes will differ to each other because each types of coke contain variety of ingredients in different amounts. Materials Balance 50ml beaker 20ml pipette 25ml pipette 50ml burette 250ml volumetric flask 100ml volumetric flask 250ml conical flask Spatula Label sticker Small glass funnel Burette stand and clamp White tile Distilled water Phenolphthalein indicator KHSO4 Approx 0.1M NaOH solution Coca-Cola (original, zero, vanilla) Method Standard KHSO4 Solution Approximately 3g of KHSO4 was measured and put into a clean 50ml beaker. For dissolving the KHSO4, Transferred KHSO4 and distilled water to 250ml volumetric flask and filled the flask with distilled water. Put the stopper and mixed the contents of the flask well. Then calculated number of moles and concentration of KHSO4 and recorded them. Standardising the NaOH solution Pour the 0.1M of NaOH into the burette and made sure that the initial volume exactly 0.00ml. Next, poured the standard KHSO4 solution measured with 20ml pipette into conical flask and added 3 drops of phenolphthalein indicator. Then, the NaOH was slowly dropped into the flask until the KHSO4 solution turned slightly pale pink which tells its end-point and recorded the NaOH volume used. Repeated standardising twice and recorded them as well. After that, calculation of the molarity of NaOH was done by using the average of the three volume measurements. Analysis of Coke Before starting the analysis of the cokes, original coke, zero coke and vanilla coke had been left for approximately 32 hours in the beakers with no lids on, to make sure there was no carbonic acid in them. This was because that coke doesnt only contain phosphoric acid but carbonic acid which makes the drinks fizzy. Put cokes measured by Pipette 20ml in to 100ml volumetric flasks. Then made 20% diluted coke by filling the flask to the 100ml mark with distilled water. Put the stoppers on them and shake the each solution. Labelled the each flask. Pipette 25ml of each three 20% diluted coke solution to clean 250ml conical flasks and added 3 drops of phenolphthalein indicator to each samples in flasks. After that, titrating NaOH solution was performed into the coke samples and recorded the required NaOH volumes for the samples. Again, the steps were repeated twice for each sample. Lastly, the molarity of phosphoric acid in the 20% coke solutions and the mass of phosphoric acid present in commercial undiluted cokes were calculated. Results Standard KHSO4 solution Mass of KHSO4 used: 3.2g Standardising the NaOH solution V(KHSO4) = 20ml Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 NaOH Volume used 20.4ml 19.8ml 19.8ml Average volume: (20.4+19.8+19.8)/3 = 20ml Analysis of Coke Volume of 20% original/zero/vanilla coke used = 25ml Trial 1 Trial 2 Original 0.7ml 0.8ml Zero 0.8ml 0.8ml Vanilla 0.7ml 0.9ml Average volume: Original: (0.7+0.8)/2 = 0.75ml Zero: (0.8+0.8)/2 = 0.8ml Vanilla: (0.7+0.9)/2 = 0.8ml Discussion Analysis of results The experiment was performed in three parts to titrate the cokes. The first part was for making standard KHSO4 solution. 3.2g of KHSO4 was used to make the solution and that made the concentration of KHSO4 solution 0.0938M which is nearly 0.1 M. Molar mass of KHSO4: 39.1+1+32.1+(161) = 136.2g/mol Moles of KHSO4: m/M = 3.2/136.2 = 0.0235 moles Concentration of KHSO4: n/V = 0.0235/0.250 = 0.0938M (à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‹â€ 0.1M) The second part was for standardising the 0.1 M NaOH solutions. It was performed three times and the average volume of NaOH used was applied in the calculation of concentration of NaOH by using the concentration formula, C1V1=C2V2. The calculation below shows the concentration of NaOH was 0.0938 M. Concentration of NaOH: (CKHSO4VKHSO4)/VNaOH = (0.093820)/20 = 0.0938M Lastly the third part was for analysis of cokes. Titrating three different types of coke by NaOH solution was performed in this part. The result showed that NaOH solution has been used 0.75ml for original coke and 0.8ml for zero and vanilla coke. The volume used differences between the three cokes were not that big. However these little differences affected the final result. Concentration calculation was brought to determine the concentration of 20% coke solutions and undiluted coke. After the molarity of undiluted coke (phosphoric acid), it was able to calculate the mass of phosphoric acid in 1L of undiluted coke solutions. Concentration of 20% coke solutions (phosphoric acid): (CNaOHVNaOH)/Vcoke Original: (0.0938 x 0.75)/25 = 0.002814M Zero: (0.0938 x 0.8)/25 = 0.003002M Vanilla: (0.0938 x 0.8)/25 = 0.003002M Concentration of the undiluted coke (phosphoric acid) Original: 0.001814 x 5 = 0.00912M Zero: 0.003002 x 5 = 0.01501M Vanilla: 0.003002 x 5 = 0.01501M Mass of phosphoric acid in 1L of undiluted coke solutions (Molar mass of phosphoric acid (H3PO4): (13)+31+(164) = 98g/mol) Original: 0.00912 x 98 = 0.89376g/1000ml Zero: 0.01501 x 98 = 1.47098g/1000ml Vanilla: 0.01501 x 98 = 1.47098g/1000ml Throughout the titration in third part of experiment, the amount of phosphoric acid in 1L of undiluted original coke, zero coke and vanilla coke have been calculated. The result came out fairly different to the hypothesis of this experiment. Contrary to the expectation, titration results of three cokes were not that different. According to the result, there is approximately 0.89376g of phosphoric acid in original coke and 1.47098g of phosphoric acid in zero and vanilla coke. The original coke has 0.57722g less phosphoric acid than others. Therefore the original coke has less phosphoric acid and zero and vanilla coke contain 0.57722g more phosphoric acid. Error analysis The major error was occurred during the titration. Because the colour of the cokes was too dark to see the colour change to pink, it was needed to be diluted so the coke solutions were 20% diluted with distilled water. However, even if it was able to see the colour change, the colour of the diluted coke was still dark that it was hardly seen the solutions changing of pale pink, end-point. The result was supposed to show their phosphoric acid contents were same but it was not. It is assumed that the titration was not accurate enough because of the dark colour of cokes and that is because there was 0.05ml of NaOH less volume used in original coke. Conclusion The purpose of the experiment was to find out the most phosphoric acid contained coke since it was guessed that different types of coke would contain unlike quantity of acid to each other. So the method of acid/base titration has been invited to figure out the amount of phosphoric acid in each different types of coke; original coke, zero coke and vanilla coke. For the titration, standard KHSO4 solution and standardising the NaOH solution were required. Throughout all the records and calculation, it was able to determine the quantity of phosphoric acid in each types of coke. Different to the prediction, fairly similar amounts of phosphoric acid were contained in the cokes. It is shown through that original coke is bit healthier than other two types of coke as it has 0.57722g less phosphoric acid it but as the difference is not that outstand, it is determined that generally constant amount of phosphoric acid are irrespective of the types of the coke.

Essay --

There is an epidemic that is sweeping society that is visible and difficult not to notice; Obesity. Obesity can be called many things by many people. Some people in our society refer to obesity as an epidemic or a disease or a fat person’s problem. Obesity can be labeled many things by many people but there is a general consensus that obesity is a national problem. A person who is obese can be singled out by an employer to pay higher health insurance premiums solely because he or she is obese. The implication that an obese person is put into a separate category from a non-obese person can strengthen the stigma that obesity has on the society. Obesity in society impacts everyone from increased healthcare costs, a person’s overall physical and mental health and the stigma that being obese carries. Society’s problem with obesity is not solely for the children and adults who are overweight, but for every person to help find workable solutions to stop the overall hea lth epidemic that obesity causes. The cost of being obese affects not only the person who is obese but also health care providers, employers and insurance companies. There is a financial strain that is felt throughout society because of the increase of health care costs, health insurance premiums and earning potentials of obese workers that affect the society now and in the future. A person who is obese will â€Å"incur almost $40,000 in additional lifetime health care costs† than a person who is not obese (Davlglus, 2005, p. 98). The numbers associated with the cost of obesity are staggering. Individuals who are obese will spend about $1,500 more in health care and $600 more in prescription drugs than a person who is not obese (Guarino, 2013). The cost of obesity not only aff... ...ividual person and to the society have far reaching effects on the economy as a whole and the obese individual. The physical and mental health of an obese person is not only a concern for the individual but to society. When a group of people are inflicted with diseases directly related to obesity it is time for society to step up and demand a change in how we treat obesity related illnesses and not make obese individuals ashamed to seek medical treatment. The views society has on an obese person does not help foster positive and encouraging feelings but encourages social stigma against the obese. The cycle of health care and health and views on the obese all work together in this epidemic. One part of the obesity problem cannot be solved or addressed without it effecting another area and the problem of our society and nation to work together to find a solution.

The anesthesia technician & technologist’s manual: All you need to know for study and reference Essay

Improvements of Anesthesia Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   From nineteenth century, there have been important and continuous improvements in the field of medicine in United States, particularly in discovery of microorganisms as the root cause of disease and anesthesia. The improvements have been of great importance in facilitating effective, convenient, and safest methods of treatment. The paper below discusses anesthesia improvements, and importance of its improvement in treatment. Improvements of anesthesia   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The direct use of volatile anesthetics and intense cold were the most important steps in anesthesia in nineteenth century. The steps were used in surgical sites during treatment of traumatic injuries. This was possible by bringing down local temperature of body tissues by the application of salt and ice during the surgeon. However, to estimate the cold projection was extremely complex when using salt and ice. This gave rise to new techniques such as topical application of Dutch oil and vaporization of ether and ethylene chloride by fumigation and spraying. Since then, there was continuous discovery of more anesthetic liquids such as amyl hydrate and vaginal Dutch. Having improved the anesthetic liquids, there was a major challenge in obstruction of sprays used. As a result, there came need to improve the jet, which was possible by designing different systems of nozzles. Almost to the end of the century, some medical practitioners recommend ed the improvements best for surgeon but many individual called for alternative approach, especially in minor surgery (Walter, 2014).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   All the way from 19th century to transition into the twentieth century, there have been many improvements of anesthesia care (Woodworth, 2012). For instance, the common practice discussed above changed by introduction of cocaine around 1884.Later in 1934, the sodium Pentothal was introduced for intravenous anesthetic administration. Despite its many challenges associated with its negative side effects when administered to some patients, it remained the most effective until 1977 when Dr.Brian Kay introduced muscle relaxants and rubber endotracheal tubes. In 1980s, pulse oximetry and end tidal CO2 were introduced that facilitated EKG monitoring. Use of the improvement in medical practice today   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Some of above discussed improvements are still used across the United States. For instance, the improvement of EKG monitoring makes it possible to manage neuromuscular blockade .In addition, the use of muscle relaxants and rubber endotracheal tubes makes it easy for anesthesiologists to monitor the condition of the patient .The monitoring of the patients’ condition primarily involves checking of blood pressure as well as pulse rate. Being able to process EEG measurement, end tidal CO2 and pulse oximetry have made it possible to quantify the depth of anesthesia. The monitoring incorporated with some of discussed advances has led into the best anesthetic practice by improving patient’s safety.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Indisputably, there is significant from the use of advances though some of the anesthetic practices used today for surgery have changed tremendously. Unfortunately, while bringing the changes in transformation of anesthesia surgery, the dramatic change in body knowledge and skills developed from the improvements has resulted to inseparable and complex medical disciplines. Future developments in anesthesia   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Aside from the above important improvements discussed such as introduction of pulse oximeter in aesthesia practices in United States today, there are many cases of mortality and morbidity in anesthesia. It is therefore obvious that the discoveries are not the â€Å"end of the road† but the push to new heights .However, with improved, optimal, and creative anesthetic management evident in United States ,there is hope of continued improvement to develop most safer and effective anesthesia practices while cutting down the pressure from medical economics. This will only be possible if anesthesiologists rise to the challenge. References Walter. (2014). In Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved from http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/482821/puerperal-fever Woodworth, G., & Kirsch, J. (2012).  The anesthesia technician & technologist’s manual: All you need to know for study and reference. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Source document

On Don McCullen essays

On Don McCullen essays HND Design Photography I intend in this following essay to show how much of Don McCullins work, throughout his career, represents pictures of people rather than pictures of war, as Edward Steichen said, " the real mission of photography is explaining man to himself ". I feel that a lot of McCullins work is more often about the social circumstances of people, with war and suffering, often, simply a background to the subject of people making the most of things, even though the lions share of these social situations do happen amongst the wars and famines that have blighted the twentieth century. 1 - The first shot I intend to look at is called The Guvnors, a striking picture of post-war youth. This picture started McCullins photographic career. At first glance the picture seems instantly recognisable, Gangsters, catching that rugged style of 50s London that film has often tried to recreate. Although the Guvnors themselves are posed, you instantly see that this is real, sensing that these people are real gangsters. The fact that these young men are pictured not in a nightclub or in the back of a big black jaguar, as is the common stereotype, but in the remains of a bombed out building, with its fallen timber and burnt mattresses, completely stripped of all metals or indeed anything else of any worth, shows a gritty reality which isnt often associated with this kind of person at this time. However, on researching this photo you will find that it is perhaps more significant due to the events surrounding the photo. Don McCullin although not involved in gang life, was friendly with most of the local lads who were. This picture was taken just before a murder in a London nightclub, as it turned out the men in the picture werent directly involved in the murder, but it was published in the Observer anyway. This picture is to me is a pic...

Mein Fuhrer.....I can walk essays

Mein Fuhrer.....I can walk essays In 1962 Stanley Kubrick made a satire about Nuclear holocaust and he called it Dr. Strangelove, or How I Learned How to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb. Now, more than four decades later, Kubricks film is an excellent example of human feelings during the early sixties. In fact, the movie continues to be relevant now, as we face our current enemy: global terrorism. To appreciate the brilliance of this film, one must take into account the psychological and social atmosphere at the time when it was made. The story was written during the fifties; the cold war was in full swing. We were involved in Vietnam. The Cuban Missile Crisis had occurred. Fear and paranoia were at an all time high among the civilian, political, and military populations. It was a time when school children were instructed to duck and cover for air raid drills to prepare for a nuclear attack. Fear of the red army - the Rooskies was omnipresent. The House UnAmerican Activities Committee (HUAC), which began in 1938, was still summoning people to testify against colleagues and friends. Dr. Strangelove perfectly depicts the paranoia and, in doing so, also shows how absurd the whole thing was. The word "subtle" does not exist in the world of this film. This is, after all, a comedy which addresses nuclear holocaust and mocks the paranoia of its time. The entire film is ironic. The work opens in a serious mood as a plane crew in flight receives a message that they are to bomb Russia. The captain of the crew, Major Kong, is played by Slim Pickens, an actor recognized for his thick Texas accent. After double checking the order to drop the bomb, Kong unlocks a safe and pulls out a cowboy hat and puts the hat on. At this point, it becomes apparent something is seriously wrong with these people. After an initial viewing it becomes clear that Strangelove is a comedy. On a ...

Conflict Resolution at General Hospital Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Conflict Resolution at General Hospital - Essay Example In the case of General Hospital, the conflict was intergroup, pitting the CEO Mr. Mike Hammer and Marge Harding, the chief operating office on one hand and, the director of medicine Doctor Williams and the company’s physicians on the other (WordPress.com, 2011). There are various sub-categories of intergroup conflicts including those among teams, divisions, departments, employees, and management. In the conflict at General Hospital, while physicians were more interested in the correct and timely readings of the EKG and proper diagnosis of patients, the CEO and the operating officer were more concerned with cutting costs. This paper thus explores the conflict at General Hospital, touching on the management style employed to resolve the stalemate. In addition, the possible use of teams and negotiation skills to resolve the conflict are also discussed. The Conflict at General Hospital Some years back, renovation activities at the General Hospital led to a drop in the number of pa tients admitted at the Hospital. Consequently, bed occupancy went down by about 65% (WordPress.com, 2011). The other effect of the renovation exercise at the General Hospital besides the dropped occupancy was a rise in the number of Medicaid and Medicare patients. In other words, the number of patients under private health insurance covers dropped, implying that General Hospital could not make profits from attending to patients with private health insurance covers (WordPress.com, 2011). Realizing the hospital was on the verge of failing to obtain its objectives and remain profitable, the CEO, Mr. Mike Hammer decided to implement certain changes, which he thought would stabilize the hospital. The first option to Hammer was to cut costs and increase the Company’s revenues. In addition, Hammer intended to initiate changes that would ensure the hospital retained its current services and even expanded into new areas. To implement these strategies, Hammer hired one Marge Harding, e mpowering her to make crucial decisions such as the firing of the hospital’s employees, more so those serving under the at-will employment status (WordPress.com, 2011). The first opinion of Harding’s was that the electrocardiogram (EKG) readings could be done electronically. Therefore, according to Harding, a physician was not needed to read the EKG. In fact, she suggested that at least $100,000 could be saved by computerizing the reading of the EKG. After the installation of the new equipment for EKG proposed by Harding and the training of EKG technicians, the physician, a Doctor James Boyer, was informed that his services were no longer needed at the General Hospital (WordPress.com, 2011). Harding’s plans soon started to flop as EKG’s arrived late, cases of misdiagnoses increased, and the staff became irritated as they looked incompetent, making them feel that Dr. Boyer was rather important and was needed at the facility. Nonetheless, Harding completely ignored these complaints from the General Hospital’s staff. Therefore, the main conflict at the General Hospital pitted cost control and management against physician agreement. To realize any positive results from his cost reduction strategies and policies, Mr. Hammer had to win over the physicians making up his staff. This was just another of the instances and incidence in which

Festivals of Greece & Rome Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Festivals of Greece & Rome - Essay Example The Romans theatre history shows that they had several problems especially the stage craft and the imbalanced concept of drama with stage performances. As a result the stages in the beginning were constructed based on Greek models. In fact the concept of drama was introduced to Romans only from the Greeks. In this instance Romans stand next to the Greeks not equal to Greeks. The Greeks have a mythological background for all its religious festivals. Greeks’ strong faith in the supremacy of God is evident from the worship of each God and the reason they associate with their Gods. They honored their Gods through these festivals and had a faith that they could be punished in terms of earthquake or war if they don’t honor Gods. A festival according to both Greeks and Romans is not only for them but also for other visitors and participants from other countries to take part in competitions and contests. Especially sports, music and games. The course of the festival is declared as holiday. Greeks declare their festivals honoring their Gods such as Zeus, Olympia, Hera, and Dionysus who symbolize health, fertility, vegetation etc. The Greeks looked at their Gods as personifications of spring and periods. Where as most of the Roman festivals are celebrated during summer. Women were treated with equal importance as a result a special festival is organized for women honoring the Goddess Olympia, where sports events were conducted for women. The Panathenic festival in honor of the Goddess Hera, contained contests for singers, poets and playwrights. The Athens festival was considered as the most interesting event of the year, where series of operas, symphonies and ballets were performed at the theatre of Herodes Atticus. The influence of Greek drama could be seen in all the plays of all the times. Greeks performed plays in other religious festivals also especially the Church quoted dramatic scenes to explain religious

Why I want to work in Critical Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Why I want to work in Critical Care - Essay Example Most patients who are in Intensive Care Unit are not only in severe pain but also have life threatening condition. It is in this situation where patients need the utmost critical care because their lives and well-being are at stake. Without a nurse that would attend to the patient, their health condition will not only deteriorate but worst could also end their lives. As a nurse, my profession matters the most in this situation because the patients needed me the most to save their lives.I am aware that working in Intensive Care Unit will not be easy. Patients who need critical care must have health professionals who are competent and compassionate to look after them to make them better. As a nurse, this job would be very demanding because most cases that we will be handling are life threatening and extreme. This, however, will make me become better as a professional because I will be exposed to difficult cases that would stretch my professional capability thus making me a better nurse .As a personal health professional, I do not only want to excel in my profession but also would like to make a difference in other people’s lives. The best way to make a difference in other people’s lives is to be there both as a professional and a person during the patient’s direst situation. The satisfaction that will be derived from of making patiently’s better during their life-threatening situation cannot be remunerated by any form of compensation but can only be had by a unique opportunity to work.

Integrative Approaches to Psychology and Christianity Essay Example for Free

Integrative Approaches to Psychology and Christianity Essay Just as the title describes, Entwistle explains within the book the attempts and varied approaches of integrating both psychology and Christianity, two entities which seem to have been at odds with each other since the time of Galileo. By explaining key historical conflicts, such as instances of friction between religion and science, readers are able to understand how psychology and Christianity are intertwined, and how the same principles that hold them together also seek to push them apart. As said best by Entwistle, â€Å"The interaction of psychology and theology is virtually inevitable due to their mutual interest in understanding the ambiguities and mysteries of human behavior, and healing human brokenness. † (Entwistle, 2010, p.51) According to Entwistle each person has their own worldview, a unique way in which one sees the world around them shaped by their own experiences, knowledge, and culture. The family we were born into, the town we grew up, the continent our town is located all help shape our worldview. Our worldview allows us to question if what we believe is true and if our beliefs have a place within our religion. In taking a Christian worldview believing and understanding in the creation, Fall, redemption, and consummation provides a starting point for integration by allowing Christians to understand how the world around them began and their place in that world. (Entwistle, 2010, p.67) Five paradigms are described as ways of relating psychology to Christianity and they are as follows: enemies, spies, colonialists, neutral parties, and allies as subjects of one sovereign. As enemies, there is no possible way that psychology and Christianity can be integrated. As spies, allegiance is held to one while borrowing principles from the other. As colonialists, there is a recognition of the importance of psychology, but does not attempt to use any of its principles. As neutral parties, both psychology and Christianity recognize findings that are paramount between the two, however both are separated from one another. And lastly, as allies the integration of both psychology and Christianity embrace the word and works of God and his ability to rule over both disciplines. (Entwistle, 2010, p.154) In conclusion, the road to integrating psychology and Christianity continues to be a long one. As Christians, we know that God is the creator of man and that we are born in His image but have sinfully fallen short, and that Jesus died for our sins so we are able to seek forgiveness. The Bible remains our guide for daily living. Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and our behaviors attempting to explain why we think and behave the ways we do. â€Å"Rather, the task at hand is the difficult work of reading the psychological and biblical sources, checking the research and the interpretations, and then asking how together they can help us attain a more complete picture of the human condition.† (Entiwistle, 2010, p.267) Concrete Response In reading this book it triggered a memory from over ten years ago. In 2001, I lost my great-grandmother to heart related issues. For me her death went farther than just losing a relative. As far back as I can remember my great-grandmother was a part of my daily life. My mother had me when she was still in high school so naturally she still lived at home. My father was nonexistent in my life so my world revolved around a house full of women: my mother, grandmother, and great-grandmother. I had just graduated high school and was anxiously approaching the start of my first semester in college the following August. Everyone else in the household was at work, while I was enjoying my summer vacation. It was still early in the morning and my great-grandmother had decided to lay down for an early nap. At this point in her life she needed help remembering when to take her medications so I went to her bedroom to wake her up. Upon entering her bedroom I did not notice anything out of the ordinary, but as I nudged her and called her name I became more frantic as the realization of my worst fears came to fruition, that no matter what I did she would never wake up again. One of the first questions that came to mind was, â€Å"Why God?† Then, â€Å"Why me?† soon followed. But as a Christian, I understood that God has a plan for all of us. When I was able to see through my grief I knew that her suffering on Earth was over and she was in her heavenly home. However, this event solidified in my mind the concept that we are mortals and our days on Earth are numbered. In some way I feel this event helped shape my decision to help others. Reflection In reading this book, some questions come to mind. While discussing the history and innate differences between psychology and Christianity why did Entwistle not find it relevant to discuss the ways the two had been integrated in the past? Relevant to the history of both are the few people through history that have used both psychology and theology in healing the minds and bodies of followers. Even Native American shamans used both the healing properties of plants and medicines and their belief and worship of spiritual beings to restore health to believers. I think it is important that in moving forward for one to understand the past in preventing history from repeating itself and by learning from others mistakes. Another point I feel that Entwistle failed to make is the possibility of our worldview changing. I feel that although our worldview is shaped over the course of our life that there are reasons that would cause a person’s worldview to change dramatically. For instance, let’s consider a child that has known nothing but abuse and neglect since being brought into the world. Everything they know about the world is skewed by the will to merely survive from day to day. Consider how that child’s worldview would change once that child has been removed and placed with either a foster-family or relative that can begin to teach them that love, trust, and stability do exist in the world. Would that child now hold a different worldview? Action I believe that I have learned many things concerning the integration of psychology and Christianity. The community mental health facility in which I work does not endorse the use of religion in counseling sessions due to their ethics and boundaries policy. However, I feel by allowing the client the opportunity to discuss their own feelings and stance on religion opens the door for me as a therapist to utilize that information in integrating religion into their counseling sessions. By allowing them to include such an integral part of their life I feel they are going to be more successful in overcoming illness and life problems that are their undoing. In conclusion, knowing that I have such limited expertise and experience in combining both religion and psychology, I think it is important as a therapist to know if you are practicing outside your realm of knowledge, therefore I am interested in learning what facilities exist that provide Christian counseling in proximity to my hometown. Clients should feel empowered and have options with which services they receive. It is through my years of working as a therapist that I have also learned clients’ want to feel like they are choosing what is best for themselves rather than being forced. I know I share the same views in my own life and hope I can help others heal within theirs. References Entwistle, D.N. (2010). Integrative Approaches to Psychology and Christianity. (Second Edition e.d.). Eugene, OR: Cascade Books.

Cybersecurity: Advantages and Disadvantages

Cybersecurity: Advantages and Disadvantages Cybersecurity: Friend or Foe? From 2005 to 2020, the digital universe will grow by a factor of 300, from 130 exabytes to 40,000 exabytes, or 40 trillion gigabytes.[1]The Internet is growing at an outrageous rate, and with it so must security. Cyber Security is â€Å"measures taken to protect a computer or computer system (as on the Internet) against unauthorized access or attack†(Webster). This word was first used around the year 1994. While the internet and cyber security are symbiotic, what happens if one grows faster than another? Will that set fire to the internet and topple it, or make it stronger? In recent years, cybersecurity has become a hot topic in many countries. In the U.S., cyber security is now a major issue and one that many people do not comprehend. Actually cyber security helps our everyday lives and keeps us safe from cyber attacks. These cyber attacks could steal important information like credit card numbers or addresses even age and any other information stored on a site with no cyber security measures. The US government and the private sector are utilizing numerous strategies to keep up with the rapid pace of increasingly sophisticated cyber security threats. However, U.S. citizens are beginning to question if the government’s and private sector’s attempts to effectively combat cyber security is now undermining civil liberties and exceeding limits of government secrecy. In the past, present and future, cyber security has been both an ally and enemy of the U.S. government and U.S. citizens. First we begin by rewinding to the past to see how Cyber Security has changed the Internet. The Internet originated in 1962, hatched from the brain of Paul Baran of RAND, who developed the idea of distributed, packet-switching networks. This was the first idea of its kind and would revolutionise the world in years to come. With the help of Paul Baran and DARPA an agency of the United States Department of Defense; In 1969 the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network aka (ARPANET) goes online and is the worlds first fully operational distributing, packet switching-network. Shortly after the rise of ARPANET, Bob Kahn and Vint Cerf both noticed the usefulness of the internet and began to draw out and develop the basic ideas of the Internet. Finally In 1974, the company BBN launched the first public packet-switched network called Telenet (X. Cringely). The civilian Internet was born in the mid-1990’s as an off shoot of ARPANet’s military network. The Internet is bringing a revolution across with it bringing global supply of endless vital information that brings new reformed conventions and destroys old world definitions. Much time goes by and we finally see the full rise of the World Wide Web. In 1992 the number of hosts, which means computers or servers supplying information, breaks 1,000,000. By its third year the World Wide Web has a growth rate of 341,634% in service traffic. And the Internet was baptized in 1996 by holding the â€Å"first World Exposition† ever shown on the Web. It has now become so embedded in our everyday lives that it has radically altered the way individuals and societies interact (Kaufman). From this point on we see the birth of a new force that will bloom into a beautiful flower in later generations, yet the question remains whether this flower be a sweet smelling rose or poisonous Lilie. With the advent of the Internet came the need to protect information from being taken; this came in the form of Cyber Security. In the beginning Cyber Security did not matter a great deal because there was no real confidential data being handled on the web. It was still a relatively new concept. Thus there was not much security other than the CIA or NSA would occasionally use the web to track down criminals individually by surveillance (McCracken). When the Internet began to intertwine with our daily lives, cyber security problems began to occur. Large amounts of confidential information began to be stored on the Internet, and hackers began to penetrate through simple defenses to steal this critical information. In response, the NSA and CIA implemented multiple layers of Cyber Security to their servers. Following numerous cyber attacks, private sector companies also began to tackle this issue by hiring Information Technology experts capable of protecting their information from hacker s. As companies everywhere were in need of Cyber Security to keep others’ vital information safe, they began their search for people with the skill set they needed. This new type of job pays a lot because of the high demand for this technical knowledge (Lawrence). At this point cyber security basically is only showing its friendly face. The industry was adequately protecting critical information without encroaching on peoples privacy. Lastly, the need to protect information became a global issue with countries committing warfare via digital frontiers and borders rather than physical ones. Cyber Security began to create divisions among countries such as China, Russia, U.S as these three countries became leaders in hacking, stealing information and digital espionage. A great example of this is in 2001 of the FB â€Å"hack which raised concern all over the world of for security reasons. This hack happened when the FBI went on a sting operation to retrieve small part of information without being noticed from two Russian intelligence based computers. However layers are afraid that this act may bounce back to them as they have committed a cross-border hack many people believe that they have done this with poor judgement (Lemos). They obtained this information from these servers without the assistance of Russia. This could mean that the U.S. can widen its borders on where it can search and capture criminals. However thi s also bring the law up of Whatever we do to them, they can do to us, said Yarbrough, a former Department of Justice cyber crime prosecutor†(Lemos). Clearly this inter-country cybersecurity warfare marked the beginning of the negative results of cyber security and paved the way for increasingly complex issues in the present. Now we currently face a critical situation in which Cyber Security is becoming more of a foe than an ally. It has gotten out of control and is now forcing citizens to question whether the government and private sector are respecting their very civil liberties. With the advent of the cloud both the government and private sector store huge amounts of information outside of their physical offices, making it even more risky for cyber attacks. The enemies are able to attack just as easily from within the organization as from without. A well known example of internal hacking was Wikileaks, in which a U.S. soldier J. Kirk Wiebe downloaded confidential embassy communications from around the world and shared them with the press. Another U.S. government leak was perpetrated by Edward Snowden a famous whistleblower from within the NSA. He downloaded thousands of classified files, attacking from within the NSA , to show the world what he considered to be an overreaching of the U.S. government in citizens and other countries privacy (Riley). While the government and the private sector may be winning the battle of effectively keeping citizens and their data safe, they are sacrificing civil liberties and privacy that has been the hallmark of our country since its founding over two hundred years ago. Now Cyber Security threats are not only pertinent to government based servers but as to the private sector as well. Companies such as Target and Sony have been widely affected by these attacks. Target recently lost large amounts of market share due to the cyber security attack they suffered in which numerous amounts of confidential customer information was stolen. People are shying away from Target due to the general fear of having their information stolen. Sony has been attacked numerous times but has now learned from the past and is creating new security and encryption platforms to ensure customers it is safe. Every time a company is attacked, a beneficial outcome rises from the overall flaws that are exposed, allowing organizations to improve their Cyber Security. An example of this is a recent bug called Heartbleed. HeartBleed is a bug that breaks through OpenSSL to find passwords and other confidential information. It attacked what were previously considered impenetrable platfor ms including Yahoo, Instagram, and even Google. Weeks later all breaches were sealed and lessons were learned. Currently, the competition from both the government and private sector for the same scarce Cybersecurity professionals is resulting in a war for resources and talent, making it even more difficult for the friendlier side of cyber security to prevail. Now the government targets these cyberwarriors when they are still students and lures them in before they can go to a private company. How? They begin to pay scholarships, tuition, books, and a salary. â€Å"Unlike many government programs, Cyber Corps has seen its budget triple to $45 million a year in the past three fiscal years,† says Victor Piotrowski, lead program director for Cyber Corps at the National Science Foundation† . â€Å"Almost four in 10 IT security positions went unfilled in 2013, according to a survey of more than 500 organizations by the Ponemon Institute, which studies privacy, data protection, and information-security policy† (Lawrence). Frequently, government employees are lured away by substant ially higher salaries in the private sector. An increasingly important challenge for the government in retaining skilled cyber warriors is that many employees choose to leave government employment because because they say they do not want to spy on U.S citizens behind their backs (Lawrence). With these many challenges, cyber security currently appears to represent more of a foe than an ally. [1] New challenges will surface in the future in cyber security. Just as less than 70 years ago, the world had no idea that internet was about to revolution the way we look at the world and interact, it is difficult to speculate on the direction of cyber security. However it is possible to hypothesize on the near future and what is to come. Cyber security has already begun to be a problem for mobile telephony, and it is likely to increase exponentially. Mobile phones are an enticing target as they display important information such as location, credit card accounts, secret work files and photos. More and more hackers are begging to target this growing platform. Between April and December 2012, the types of threats detected on the Google Android platform increased by more than 30 times from 11,000 to 350,000, and are expected to reach one million in 2003. (Center for European Policy Studies, CEPS)*insert end connecting some what to thesis and future*[2] What began as small cyber battles between countries has now given rise to a full scale â€Å"Digital World War†. Now a days we see countries aggressively hack each other. The U.S. is deeply worried about China, as it has attacked its intelligence agencies multiple times. The U.S. government has prohibited â€Å"Chinese hardware in US institutions such as NASA, the Department of Justice and the Department of Commerce, unless a thorough assessment of â€Å"cyber-espionage or sabotage† (CEPS) risk by specialised federal officials has been carried out.† Furthermore, the U.S. government recently accused 5 high ranking chinese officials of cyber espionage. This unprecedented accusation has led to increased tension between the two governments with both accusing each other of espionage. Is this the end of the internet and where will we go from here? The Internet just keeps expanding and expanding and so does cyber security and its accompanying abuse of privacy and civil liberties. The NSA could eventually cause the downfall of the internet because they have fatally altered the perfect balance of self-expression, internet cyber security, and governance. In a recent speech that Snowden gave with techies, he stated that â€Å" the NSA is setting fire to the internet, and that you are the firemen† (McCracken). An additional issue that is just as important to the future of the internet and cyber security is the recent FCC decision regarding â€Å"fastlane†, which allows internet service providers to charge a premium for faster service for websites. A likely scenario is that large corporations with large budgets will have greater access to sharing files than small corporations or nonprofits. Some experts fear that this intrusion on free and equal access to s haring information over the internet sets a dangerous precedent that could allow organizations a great power in manipulating what information is available to world wide web users. This U.S. government policy could be the greatest enemy to the civilian internet and civil liberties than any cyber security initiative. While the internet and cyber security have existed for a relatively short period of time in human history, it has radically changed the way governments, corporations and individuals interact. In its inception, cyber security played a friendly role in protecting the limited information available on the world wide web. Currently, a darker side of cyber security, developed in the name of protecting U.S. citizens, has radically changed the U.S. government’s approach to cyber protection. U.S. citizens and other governments have been shocked to learn that their phone calls and their data is all open to scrutiny by the U.S. government. People and organizations, such as Snowden and Wikileaks, have begun to fight back to reestablish the balance of civil liberties and cyber security. The future of this critical issue is yet to be written, but it is clear that cyber security hackers will become increasingly sophisticated, requiring additional intervention to ensure citizen safety. Indust rialization of new viruses and digital weapons could truly change the balance of power between countries and threaten our way of life as we know. In the past, mercantilism allowed countries with the most land to maintain the greatest power, yet now this reality has taken a paradigm shift. The country with the most readily available digital warriors and resources will triumph in this new world order. Cyber security was developed to help protect law abiding citizens, but the balance has begun to dangerously tip. Many Americans believe that the civil rights, upon which our country was founded, are now severely threatened in the name of digital protection. Cyber security issues will most likely bring about a retrenching of how we share information. The global openness of the world wide web as we now know it will likely become a thing of the past as organizations react to the cyber security enemy and build dedicated communications platforms that deny access to the world. What the world h ad built as an open platform is now destroying itself from the inside out. Citations: Kaufman, Micha. The Internet Revolution is the New Industrial Revolution. Forbes. Forbes Magazine, 5 Oct. 2012. Web. 30 Apr. 2014. Klimas , Liz . Connecting the Dots: A Timeline of the NSA. The Blaze 3 June 2013, Technology ed.: n. pag. Print. Lawrence , Dune . The U.S Government Wants 6,000 New Cyberwarriors by 2016.Bloomberg Businessweek Technology 15 Apr. 2014, Technology ed.: n. pag. Print. McCracken, Harry . SXSW: Edward Snowden Has No Regrets About NSA Leaks. TIME 10 Mar. 2014: n. pag. Print. Riley , Michael. Snowdens Access to NSAs Deepest Secrets Disputed. Bloomberg Businessweek Technology 18 July 2013, Politics Policy ed.: n. pag. Print. X. Cringely , Robert . A History of the Computer. PBS. PBS, 1 Jan. 1996. Web. 30 Apr. 2014. [1] http://idcdocserv.com/1414 [1]better closing present and tying it to the thesis and main idea of paraagraph [2]j